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People of the Negroid race mainly live on the African continent; depending on where they live, their height, facial features and body structure change. It is known that the tribes with the darkest skin live in eastern Africa; the distinguishing feature of these people is their tall stature and wide nose.

Anthropologists claim that the darkest skin color (almost black) gives people a certain advantage - they are practically not susceptible to diseases caused by pathogens. In addition, other races do not have such thick skin, which perfectly protects its owner from exposure to ultraviolet radiation, bites of small insects and scratches from various thorny plants. It is believed that this color arose due to constant exposure to sunlight and is due to a large amount of a special substance - melanin, contained in both the skin and muscles.

People with black skin are usually called negroes, and in translation this word means “black.” In the east of Africa there live a people who have pronounced signs of the Negroid race; they have the darkest skin color and tall stature. Blacks have certain features that distinguish them from representatives of other races, these are longer limbs in relation to the body, a wide flattened nose and a skull with a protruding jaw. People's hair is black, coarse and curly, it grows mainly on the head, there is no hair on the body, or it is almost invisible.

Scientists have discovered that the development of a black child is much faster than that of a white child, and until approximately 5 years old, children develop perfectly both physically and mentally. Some researchers believe that brain development subsequently slows down, but most likely this is due not to race, but to unfavorable social conditions. In places where black children have access to education, no mental retardation has been found.

Black people served as living commodities in America for quite a long time, they were captured and taken from their homes in thousands and sold as slaves. As a result, after the abolition of slavery, blacks live as free people in South and North America. Mixed marriages take place, in which half-breeds are born - mulattoes who inherit black skin, or lighter ones. In the United States, blacks of different skin tones mostly live in cities, in neighborhoods specially designated for them, where crime and drug addiction flourish. However, those representatives of this race who manage to get a good education become excellent specialists. Numerous American sports achievements belong to blacks because of their distinctive body characteristics.

Dark-skinned girls quite often become queens of the catwalk because of their beautiful figure, unusual appearance and ability to maintain a regal posture. Nowadays, a model with the darkest skin named Khoudia Diop is very popular. The girl was born in Senegal, and even there her charcoal skin color was quite unusual. Khoudia was often ridiculed as a child, but managed to make her individuality a positive aspect for a successful modeling career.

The most prominent representatives of the Negroid race are people living on the east coast of Africa; they have almost black skin color. It is known that these are tall blacks, with rather long limbs and a somewhat shortened body, they do not grow beards or mustaches, and have no hair on their bodies, while on their heads they have thick and curly hair.

This weekend I visited Eilat (Israel). And the presence of a large number of refugees from Sudan there “suggested” interesting thoughts. And why are blacks black?! After all, everyone knows from school that black (that’s why it’s black) absorbs the entire visible spectrum of light. White, on the contrary, reflects almost everything and the whiter it is, the more it reflects. Those. if you look and think logically, a person living under constant and intense solar radiation should be at least completely white, and even better, mirror-like or even transparent... (even the thought arose about the ideal Negro - white and/or transparent, spherical humanoid.) But nature took it and made it black...

A search for articles on the Tyrnet did not bring any results. Just some fragmentary phrases and racist cries. Wikipedia on the subject of searching for “Negro” and “Negroid race” surprised me with the almost complete lack of information... So I’ll try to combine everything together and produce an adequate article...

Let's start from the very beginning...

Let's define the Negroid race. Here the first surprise awaits us. To my surprise, I did not find a “definition” of the Negroid race, but only vague characteristics from which one can conclude whether a Negro is a person or simply likes to burn tires..

So the characteristic signs:
different heights, elongated limbs (especially arms), dark skin (especially rich in melanin), curly hair, poor beard and mustache growth, wide flat nose, thick lips, large brown eyes, large ears, prognathism.

This doesn’t lend itself to a clear, scientific definition (by the way, if anyone knows, I’d be grateful for the information), but let’s say that’s enough for us.

Melanin-rich skin, this is what interests us. What is melanin and why do we need it?

Melanin, or rather melanins, is a group of substances found in the skin, hair, retina, tissues, and wool. There is also a chemical definition of the entire group, but there are so many indices for carbon, hydrogen and oxygen that my natural hatred of chemistry overpowered the desire to share information and I will not give examples of these terrifying structures.

We are simply interested in the biological function of these melanins.
...Melanins are widely distributed in plant and animal tissues, as well as in protozoa. They determine the color of skin and hair, for example, the colors of horses, the color of bird feathers (together with interference coloring), fish scales, and insect cuticles. Melanins absorb ultraviolet rays, and by this protect tissues of deep layers of skin from radiation damage. Another recently discovered function is the absorption of ultraviolet radiation to support life...

As can be seen from the above, melanin protects us from ultraviolet radiation. Those. nature “thought and thought” and said - it’s easy to remove heat, if we sweat - the breeze blows - it’s cool for us. But people apparently don’t really need ultraviolet radiation, so they decided to protect themselves from it.

Moreover, the UV protection is dynamic. The more ultraviolet light drips onto us, the better protected we are. This protection is called tanning.

Tanning is the darkening of skin color under the influence of ultraviolet radiation. Darkening occurs due to the formation and accumulation of a specific pigment, melanin, in the lower layers of the epidermis.

Well, we actually got the answer. Blacks lived for a long time (in the biological sense) under intense ultraviolet radiation, and were “tanned” permanently...

Blacks are better protected from ultraviolet light than from visible light and/or heat. That's the whole question...

Now it remains to understand why their palms and soles are white.... o_O

Blacks can not only sunbathe, but also burn in the sun. Representatives of the Negroid race, of course, have a lot of melanin in their skin, and it supposedly protects the skin. It protects, of course, but somehow sluggishly, without enthusiasm. If we compare the degree of protection with that provided by a cream with sun filters, then we are talking about SPF 3, while the minimum level recommended by doctors is SPF 15.

There are, of course, purple-black blacks on whom the tan will be almost completely invisible. But most “blacks” are not actually black, but chocolate, so they may well darken a little more.

Anecdote on the topic:
A black man is standing under a tree, the sun is shining, his hands are raised, his eyes are closed.... sunbathing... .
A drunk man passes by.
- What, friend, are you sunbathing? Do you want to go home? Let me give you a ride... .
Blacks love to sunbathe, this makes them lighter and turn into blue-eyed blondes. But seriously, blacks can really tan. Most representatives of the Negroid race are still not anthracite black and when tanning they become a little darker. It’s just that the tan on them is less noticeable due to their already dark skin tone. Although for those to whom all blacks look alike, this will not be noticeable.

It is also a common misconception that due to the high level of melanin in skin cells, blacks do not need to wear sunscreen at all. In fact, black people get sunburned and peeled just like pale-faced people, especially if, like you, you spent many months at the computer before going to the beach.

Opinion of Internet experts:
- Although the phrase “a black man sunbathes” sounds like one of the shortest jokes (from the same series “Kolobok hanged himself”, “Pinocchio drowned”, etc.), still dark-skinned people can really sunbathe. On their skin, the influence of the sun is not as noticeable as that of “white” and “yellow” people, and even “red” people tan more noticeably in appearance, but... the skin tone still changes, and if you don’t belong to those for whom “everything” Negroes look the same,” it will be noticeable.
Example:
my friend, a very black American, even blue-black, whose skin always seemed cold to me because of its specific shade, after spending two weeks at the height of summer in central Russia, hiking along the river, he somehow became “warmer” in appearance)))

Blacks can not only sunbathe, but also burn in the sun. Representatives of the Negroid race, of course, have a lot of melanin in their skin, and it supposedly protects the skin. It protects, of course, but somehow sluggishly, without enthusiasm. If we compare the degree of protection with that provided by a cream with sun filters, then we are talking about SPF 3, while the minimum level recommended by doctors is SPF 15.
So if we are talking about the production of vitamin D (the positive aspect of tanning) or the likelihood of getting skin cancer (the negative aspect), then all this is not alien to blacks. Skin pigmentation, of course, is much less noticeable, but not all blacks are equally black.

Blacks look, of course, tanned, but still they simply need a certain amount of sunlight, just like people with fair skin.
When exposed to sunlight on the surface of human skin, the human body produces vitamin D, which is very beneficial for bone tissue. Therefore, blacks should tan in the same way as people with light skin.

In my opinion, it would be more correct to ask whether a black man can tan, rather than sunbathe.
Blacks are in the sun all the time, so naturally they tan. But for us they are always tanned and chocolate, even black, so the differences in color are insignificant for us. And blacks may not sunbathe on purpose; under their sun you will tan willy-nilly.

How does a tan occur?
The tan color of human skin comes from melanin, a dye produced by the human body as a protection against ultraviolet radiation. Melanin is formed in every person, with the possible exception of albinos. But its quantity greatly depends on belonging to a particular human race. In fair-skinned people, melanin cells are quite small and have little density. Increasing both parameters makes the skin darker. We can say that Africans produce 2 times more melanin than, for example, Scandinavians.

Dark skin tans too
However, the claim that black people are better protected from harmful sun radiation and thus have no risk of developing skin cancer is completely false. Purely visually, the difference between tanned and untanned blacks may not be so noticeable. Moreover, only a small part of the population of African descent can boast of completely black skin color. For the most part, their color type varies from dark brown to “coffee with milk” shade. And if a European and an African spend the same amount of time under the sun, the first will have time to get a fairly severe burn, while the second will only become half a shade darker. That is, it will tan.

Dangerous tan
However, for dark-skinned people the sun can become even more dangerous than for their light-skinned counterparts. On the one hand, they also have light areas of skin that can burn without protection. First of all, we are talking about the feet and palms. Secondly, it is the dark color of the skin that prevents sudden melanoma from being recognized in time. If a white person, seeing such a formation, immediately goes to the doctor, a dark-skinned person misses precious time simply because he does not even suspect that he is seriously ill and continues to be exposed to deadly radiation.
Blacks are 10 times less likely to develop skin cancer, but the rate of deaths among representatives of this race is disproportionately high.

Dark skin can also get burned. Therefore, we can say that blacks not only sunbathe, but are also quite capable of getting sunburned or even getting skin cancer. That is, dark skin color is not absolute protection from the harmful effects of sunlight.

Sources:

MOSCOW, February 26 – RIA Novosti. Dark skin appeared in human ancestors in Africa due to the threat of skin cancer from exposure to high doses of ultraviolet radiation, according to a paper published in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

"Charles Darwin believed that variations in skin color did not affect adaptation to the environment, and other researchers did not consider cancer as a factor of natural selection in the process of evolution. But clinical data from people with albinism, especially in Africa, provide strong evidence that "that death from cancer may have played a large role early in human evolution as an important factor in the development of skin rich in the dark pigment eumelamine," said Mel Greaves from the Institute of Cancer Research in London.

Skin color is determined genetically, that is, for the emergence of black people, mutations were fixed during natural selection, due to which more of the brown pigment eumelanin is formed in the skin. And to do this, he had to “mow out” people with light skin before they leave offspring.

Genetic evidence suggests that dark-skinned human ancestors began appearing around 1.2-1.8 million years ago in eastern Africa. Before this, 2-3 million years ago, they had already lost most of their hair, perhaps to protect themselves from the heat, and, like chimpanzees, the closest “relatives” of humans, they had pale skin. It protects against skin cancer 500-1000 times worse than dark skin.

Greaves reviewed existing research looking for links between skin color and various diseases. He noted that 80% or more of albino people from equatorial African countries such as Tanzania and Nigeria develop skin cancer before the age of 30. Albinism is also known to be associated with skin cancer in indigenous populations of other tropical countries, such as Panama.

These data, according to the scientist, suggest that dark skin could have appeared in the African ancestors of humans due to the threat of developing cancer.